Sitecore roles for various kind of authors

 Content author with read access only and section like PowerShell, reporting tools, template manager

sitecore\Sitecore Client Users

sitecore\Designer

sitecore\Author

with this, the content tree and editing option will look like something:

 Content author with read access only and with Experience Analytics access.

sitecore\Sitecore Client Users

sitecore\Designer

sitecore\Author

sitecore\Developer

with this, the content tree and editing option will look like something:

Content author with read access only but with few items to be editable.

sitecore\Sitecore Client Users

sitecore\Designer

sitecore\Author

1. assign these roles to the new author.

2. Now go the security editor (by admin account), and ensure you have selected the author in the account box as shown in screenshot.

3. Now I wanted the author to edit the countries item so I checked the write and if you want its children also to be edited then select inheritance on parent (countries) so that the same permission can be inherited on the children.